KEY MARKERS

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Pathogens:

  • Acinetobacter baumannii
  • Candida albicans
  • Candida glabrata
  • Candida parapsilosis
  • Candida tropicalis
  • Citrobacter freundii
  • Enterococcus faecalis
  • Enterococcus faecium
  • Enterobacter cloacae complex
  • Escherichia coli
  • Klebsiella aerogenes (Enterobacter aerogenes)
  • Klebsiella oxytoca
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Morganella morganii
  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Proteus vulgaris
  • Providencia stuartii
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Staphylococcus saprophyticus
  • Staphylococcus xylosus
  • Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep)

Urinalysis Markers:

  • Bacteria
  • Bilirubin
  • Clarity
  • Color
  • Epithelial Cells
  • Glucose
  • Hyaline Casts
  • Ketone
  • Leukocytes
  • Nitrite
  • Occult Blood
  • pH
  • Protein
  • Red Blood Cells
  • Specific Gravity
  • Urobilinogen
  • White Blood Cells

Antibiotic Resistance Genes:

  • Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Tobramycin): aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Im
  • Beta-Lactams (Amoxicillin, Piperacillin): blaCMY, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, SHV
  • Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin): qnrA, qnrB, qnrS
  • Fosfomycin (Fosfomycin Resistance): fosA3, fosA, fosA4, fosA5
  • Glycopeptides (Vancomycin, Teicoplanin): vanA, vanB, vanD
  • Macrolides (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin): erm33, ermA, ermB, ermC, ermD, ermE, ermF, ermG, ermT, ermX, mefA, mphA, mphB, mphC, msrA, msrD
  • Nitrofurans (Nitrofurantoin): nfsA, nfsB
  • Polymyxins (Colistin Resistance): mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-6, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9
  • Tetracyclines (Doxycycline, Minocycline): tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, tetM, tetO, tetQ, tetS, tetT, tetW, tetX, tetY