KEY MARKERS

Genetic Markers & Enzymatic Antioxidant Response

  • PRKAA2: rs2796498, rs10789038
  • CAT (Catalase): rs1001179, rs7943316, rs4756146
  • COX-2: rs20417
  • CYB5R3: rs916321
  • CYP1A1: rs1048943
  • GLUL: rs10911021

GPX (Glutathione Peroxidase):

  • GPX1: rs1050450, rs1987628
  • GPX2: rs4902346, rs2071566
  • GPX4: rs713041

GSTM (Glutathione S-Transferase):

  • GSTM1: rs366631
  • GSTM5: rs3754446
  • GSTP1: rs1695
  • GSS (Glutathione Synthetase): rs121909307
  • GSR (Glutathione Reductase): rs8190955
  • HMOX1 (Heme Oxygenase 1): rs2071746
  • CYBA (Cytochrome B-245 Alpha Chain): rs4673, rs9932581
  • SELENOP (Selenoprotein P): rs3877899

SOD (Superoxide Dismutase):

  • SOD1: rs2234694
  • SOD2: rs4880
  • SOD3: rs1799895, rs8192287

TXNRD (Thioredoxin Reductase):

  • TXNRD1: rs7310505
  • TXNRD2: rs1548357
  • TRXR2: rs4485648

  • XDH (Xanthine Dehydrogenase): rs206812, rs2073316

Oxidative Damage & Cellular Stress Markers


Lipid Peroxidation Markers:

  • Malondialdehyde (MDA)
  • Glutathione 4-Hydroxynonenal (GS-HNE)
  • 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α)
  • 11-β-Prostaglandin F2α
  • 15(R)-Prostaglandin F2α

Protein Oxidation Markers:

  • Dityrosine
  • 3-Bromotyrosine
  • 3-Chlorotyrosine

DNA Damage Markers:

  • 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)
  • 8-Hydroxyguanine
  • 8-Hydroxyguanosine

Nitrative & Glycation Stress Markers


Nitrative Stress Biomarkers:

  • 8-Nitroguanosine
  • 8-Nitroguanine
  • Nitrotyrosine
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs):
  • Nε-(Carboxymethyl) Lysine (CML)
  • Nε-Carboxyethyllysine (CEL)